THE COMPANIES TRIBUNAL OF SOUTH AFRICA
                                                                                        CASE NO: CT005Sep2016
In the matter between:
PWC Business Trust	                  Applicant	
and
PELAGIC PWC (Proprietary) Limited
(Registration number: 2016/073971/07)	               Respondent	
		
Coram: S. Gounden
Decision handed down on 30 November 2016

DECISION
___________________________________________________________________
INTRODUCTION
[1]	The Applicant applies in terms of section 160 of the Companies Act 71 of 2008  (“Act” / “Companies Act”) and regulations 143 and 153 of the Companies Regulations (GN R351 in GG 34239 of 26 April 2011) (“Companies Regulations” / “regulations”) for a default order that the respondent be ordered to choose a new name (and to change its name) and file an amendment accordingly;
BACKGROUND 
[2]	The Applicant is the proprietor of the trademark “PWC” for some 18 years and has been conducting business under that name. 
[3]	The Applicant filed an objection to the name “PWC” as stated above as prescribed by regulation 142 (1) (a), together with a supporting affidavit as required by regulation 142 (1) (b). Fulvio Tonelli has signed the affidavit and he states that he was duly authorised to act for and on behalf of the Applicant, by a Power of Attorney signed by the Applicant. 
[4]	The copy of the application was served by the Sherriff on the 20 September 2016 to the Respondent, in terms of Rule 4 (1) (a) (ii) of the High Court Rules. In terms of regulation 142 (2) it should be done within 5 days of filing it with the Companies Tribunal. The date stamp of the Companies Tribunal on the CTR 142 is the 15 September 2016.  
[5]	Regulation 142 provides as follows:
“(2)  The applicant must serve a copy of the application and affidavit on the respondent named in the application, within 5 business days after filing it.”
[6]	In terms of regulation 153 (1) read with regulation 143 (1), the first respondent has 20 days to respond, failing which the Applicant is entitled to apply for a default order as provided for in regulation 153 (1).
[7] 	The Applicant therefore applies to the Companies Tribunal in terms of regulation 153 (2) that said Companies Tribunal makes a default order in terms of regulation 153 (1).
ISSUES
[8]      A resolution of the Board / Trustees of the Applicant authorising Fulvio Tonelli to act for and on behalf of the Applicant was not included in the application.
[9]      However, based on the findings of the Companies Tribunal on the substantive law, it is not necessary to make a finding as to defects, in [8] above, and the possible application of section 6 (9) and (10) of the Companies Act in respect of substantial compliance.
[10]	The Applicant requests that the Companies Tribunal grants the relief in the form that the Respondent be ordered to choose a new name (and to change its existing name) and file an amendment accordingly; on the grounds that the use of the name “PWC” by the Respondent is in contravention of sections 11 (2) (b) and (c) (i) of the Companies Act.
[11]   The Applicant is the registered proprietor of the “PWC” trade mark in South Africa under trade mark registration numbers:
•	1998/11544; class 35 – in respect of accounting services, auditing services, tax consulting & advisory services, market research services, management and business consulting & advisory services;
•	1998/11545; class 36 – in respect of investment banking, consulting & advisory services, financial consulting & advisory services, actuarial consulting services, employee benefit consulting services, financial valuation services in the area of business enterprises, inventories, assets, equipment, licensing, real estate & intellectual property, real estate appraisal services and risk management services;
•	1998/11546; class 41 – in respect of education, namely, conducting classes, seminars, conferences, and workshops in the field of business, information technology, computers, management, training, financial planning and investment strategies;
•	1998/11547; class 42 – in respect of arbitration services, litigation and dispute support services; information technology consulting and advisory services; environmental consulting services; human resource consulting services .
 [12]  The Applicant submit that the dominant and memorable feature of the Respondent’s name “PELAGIC PWC” is the word PWC, which is visually, phonetically and conceptually identical to the Applicant’s PWC trade mark.  The Applicant contends that the remaining portion “PELAGIC” is insufficient to distinguish the Respondent from the Applicant and in fact increases the likelihood of confusion given that applicant participates in business activities that is not restricted.
[13]   The Applicant states that the Respondent’s principal business activities is not restricted as per the certificate of confirmation issued by the Registrar of Companies & Close Corporations. Therefore, the addition of the descriptive words “PELAGIC” to its name encompasses the services for which the Applicant has established an extensive reputation and has registered rights.
APPLICABLE LAW
[14]	The jurisdiction of the Companies Tribunal is stated in section 160 of the Act and is as follows:
“(1)	A person to whom a notice is delivered in terms of this Act with respect to an application for reservation of a name, registration of a defensive name, application to transfer the reservation of a name or the registration of a defensive name, or the registration of a company’s name, or any other person with an interest in the name of a company, may apply to the Companies Tribunal in the prescribed manner and form for a determination whether the name, or the reservation, registration or use of the name, or the transfer of any such reservation or registration of a name, satisfies the requirements of this Act.
 	(2)   An application in terms of subsection (1) may be made—
	(a)	within three months after the date of a notice contemplated in subsection (1), if the applicant received such a notice; or
	(b)	on good cause shown at any time after the date of the reservation or registration of the name that is the subject of the application, in any other case.
(3)       after considering an application made in terms of subsection (1), and any submissions by the applicant and any other person with an interest in the name or proposed name that is the subject of the application, the Companies Tribunal—
	(a)	must make a determination whether that name, or the reservation, registration or use of the name, or the transfer of the reservation or registration of the name, satisfies the requirements of this Act; and
	(b)	may make an administrative order directing—
	(i)	the Commission to—
(aa)	reserve a contested name, or register a particular defensive name that had been contested, for the applicant;
(bb)	register a name or amended name that had been contested as the name of a company;
(cc)	cancel the reservation of a name, or the registration of a defensive name; or
(dd)	transfer, or cancel the transfer of, the reservation of a name, or the registration of a defensive name; or
	(ii)	a company to choose a new name, and to file a notice of an amendment to its Memorandum of Incorporation, within a period and on any conditions that the Tribunal considers just, equitable and expedient in the circumstances, including a condition exempting the company from the requirement to pay the prescribed fee for filing the notice of amendment contemplated in this paragraph.”

[15] 	Section 11 (2) of the Companies Act, as far as it is relevant for the present application, provides as follows:
“(2) 	The name of a company must—
(a) 	not be the same as—
(i) 	the name of another company, domesticated company, registered external company, close corporation or co-operative;
…
(b) 	not be confusingly similar to a name, trade mark, mark, word or expression contemplated in paragraph (a) unless,—
(i) 	in the case of names referred to in paragraph (a)(i), each company bearing any such similar name is a member of the same group of companies;…;
(c)	not falsely imply or suggest, or be such as would reasonably mislead a person to believe incorrectly, that the company—
(i) 	is part of, or associated with, any other person or entity;
…”

EVALUATION
[16]	The question that needs to be answered is whether “PWC” as in the name of the Respondent is in contravention of sections 11 (2) (b) and (c) (i) of the Companies Act.
[17] 	“PWC” as used by the Applicant is a trading name and is part of the name of the company. The name of the Respondent, “PELAGIC PWC” is not the same as the name of the Applicant, and therefore there is no contravention of section 11 (2) (a) (i).
[18]	“Similar” as in section 11 (2) (b) would be “having a marked resemblance or likeness” and that the offending mark (or name) should immediately bring to mind the well-known trademark (or other name): Bata Ltd v Face Fashions CC 2001 (1) SA 844 (SCA). As to the requirement for “confusingly” similar, the test, as in the case of passing-off, should be: “…a reasonable likelihood that ordinary members of the public, or a substantial section thereof, may be confused or deceived into believing that the goods or merchandise of the former are the goods or merchandise of the latter or are connected therewith. Whether there is such a reasonable likelihood of confusion or deception is a question of fact to be determined in the light of the particular circumstances of the case.”: Adidas AG & another v Pepkor Retail Limited (187/12) [2013] ZASCA 3 (28 February 2013) para 28; Capital Estate and General Agencies (Pty) Ltd and Others v Holiday Inns Inc and Others 1977 (2) SA 916 (A) at 929. 
           The name of the Respondent therefore can clearly be confusingly similar to the trademark of the Applicant, which is “PWC”. In fact it is clearly similar, and therefore there is contravention of section 11 (2) (b) (i).
 [19]	Section 11 (2) (c) (i) therefore requires that the name of a company must not:
•	falsely imply or suggest that the company is part of or associated with any other person or entity
•	be such that the name would reasonably mislead a person to believe that the company is part of or associated with any other person or entity
[20]	The same principles as in respect of section (2) (b) (i) would also apply in respect of section (2) (c) (i) because in this instance, apart from the requirement that the name must falsely imply, which, it is submitted, requires fault, it can, alternatively also reasonably mislead a person to hold a certain belief. The requirements to “reasonably believe”, should be the same as in Adidas AG & another v Pepkor Retail Limited case supra; Capital Estate and General Agencies (Pty) Ltd and Others v Holiday Inns Inc. and Others case supra. 
           In this case, using the name “PELAGIC PWC” would reasonably mislead a person to believe that the company is associated with “PWC” as PWC is a well-known trademark. The remaining portion of the name increases the confusion given that the applicant’s business activities are not restricted.
FINDINGS
[21] 	The name of the Respondent is in contravention of section 11 (2) (b) of the Companies Act.
[22]	The name of the Respondent is in contravention of section 11 (2) (c) (i) of the Companies Act. 
[23]    It can be said that “PELAGIC PWC” will reasonably mislead the reasonable man (person) to believe incorrectly that there is an association with “PWC”. The whole name “PELAGIC PWC” in not desirable as the name is confusingly and deceptively similar to the trademark “PWC” registered by the Applicant. The fact that the two businesses are clearly similar in respect of its market reach, will, as under section 11 (2) (b), increase the likelihood / possibility that the reasonable man (person) will be misled. 
ORDER
 [24]	The application is granted, that the Respondent must choose a new name, (and change its current name) and file an amendment to CIPC accordingly. This must be effective within 90 days from the date of this ruling. 

____________________
S. Gounden
                                                                MEMBER OF THE COMPANIES TRIBUNAL
Pretoria
30 November 2016